Explosive-engine.



PATENTED FEB. 25, 1908.

J. D. HAY.

EXPLOSIVE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED 001213, 1906.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Gammon Ca/vmoum No. 880,024. 0 PATENTED FEB. 25, 1908. J. D. HAY.

EXPLOSIVE ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED 00T.13, 1906.

2 SHEETSSHBET 2.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE."

JOHN DAVID HAY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO WILLIAM R. DONALDSON AND ONE-FOURTH TO GEORGE W. MARBLE, BOTH OF CHICAGO,

ILLINOIS.

EXPLOSIVE-ENGINE Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 25, 1908.

in explosive engines and is shown embodied as a two cycle or two stroke engine.

Heretofore in engines of the class described,

the explosive mixture has usually been de-- livered into the inner end of the cylinder through ports controlled by the 1piston, and owing in part to the frequency 0 the explosions there is doubtless a somewhat greater tendency to heat the piston than in engines of four cycle or four stroke type. quate provision can be made for cooling the cylinder either by 'means of a water jacket or by means of radiating pins or ribs, it is much more diiiicult to cool the piston. It is also of the utmost importance m engines of the class described to so regulate the charge of the explosive mixture as to enable the speed and general operation of the engine to be adequately controlled.

The object of this invention is to provide means for cooling the piston by admitting theretbrough a cooling fluid or vapor conveniently the explosive mixture.

It is a further object of the invention to afford in the inner end of the piston a coolin chamber of large area in which a cooling fluid is permitted to expand and to aflord in connection with the improved piston means for regulating and automatically controlling the delivery of the charge into the cylinder.

The invention consists of matters hereinafter described and more fully pointed out and defined in the appended claims.

In the drawings: Figure 1 is a top plan view of a device embodying .my invention. Fig. 2 is a central vertical section of an engine embodying my invention. Fig. 3 is an enlarged section of the piston taken through While ade-- the cooling chamber. Fig. 4 is a fragmentary section similar to Fig. 2 and showing a slightly modified construction of the piston and cylinder. Fi 5 is an enlarged detailof the controlling va ve. 7

As shown in the drawings: A. indicates the crank case of an explosive en ine which for convenience is shown as afior ing a preliminary compression chamber for the explgsive mixture before delivery into the cylm er.

Y B indicates the cylinder secured thereon as I is usual and it is provided with an exhaust port 6 adapted to be opened or uncovered by the Ipiston C when at the limit of the power stro e. An inlet port 7) is oppositely disposed from said exhaust port and somewhat elow the same and of less area and is adapted to be uncovered by the piston shortly after the exhaust port is opened or partly opened.

Connected in the crank case is an inlet pipe D for the explosive mixture which is connected to a suitable carburetor or mixing valve E, of any suitable type and in any suitable manner and is provided with an inwardly opening check valve (1 to hold the compression of the mixture in the crank case during the shown in Fig. 2.

The piston C as shown is connected with the crank shaft F, by the connecting rod f, as is usual and in the upper end of the piston is provided a chamber 0 as nearly as possible coincident in area on its upper side with the area of said chamber. The, end walls or head of the piston is made relatively thin. Said chamber communicates with the interior of the crank case through a portc of relatively large size, and discharges through 'the opposite wall of the piston, and the cylinder by means of a port 0 of still larger size.

In the wall of the cylinder and positioned to register with the port 0 when the piston is at the end of its power stroke is a port 6 which communicates with a cored passage b which extends upwardly to and communicates with the inlet port of the cylinder.

Seated in said passage and controlling the flow of the explosive mixture therethrough is a regulating valve comprising as shown'a cage G, fitted in a suitable recess opening in said inlet passage 1) and which as shown is provided with a cylindric bore and is longitudinally slotted in its periphery, said slots g, opening therethrough into the said inlet passa e. Rotatively engaged in said cage and itting closely therein is the valve closure G ,-which corresponds in construction with said cage, and is likewise provided in its periphery with slots g adapted to register with the slots 9 in the cage. Said closure is also provided in its head with apertures g to permit inlet pressure to be balanced in said valve. A stem 9 extends outwardly throu h the head of said cage, and upon the same is rigidly engaged an actuating arm or lever H, adapted to be connected with any suitable governor which inasmuch as it may be any of the usual centrifugal-governors is not shown. The surface of the piston head as shown afi'ords an upwardly directed and slightly inclined shoulder C curved outwardly at its base which serves to deflect the inflowing mixture upwardly to the head of the cylinder to aid in expelling the burned gases. From the upper surface of said shoulder or deflector the surface of said piston is slightly concave as shown in Figs. 2

and 4 inclining outwardly and downwardly towards .the exhaust port thus insuring the o ening of the exhaust port slightly before t e inlet port opens.

If desired the cylinder may be constructed as hereinbefore described with the exception that a passage 6 is cored in the cylinder extending from the crank case upwardly as shown in Fig. 4 and opening through a suitable ort c to the piston which is also provide with a port 0 to register therewith thus enabling the piston to act as a double closure to prevent any of the explosive mixture passing into the cylinder until both ports in the piston are in register.

The operation is as follows: The engine is similar to the usual two cycle or two stroke explosive engine with the exception that the 1n owing explosive mixture must ass through the head of the piston, expan ing therein at the moment the ports come in register. The relatively large chamber in said piston enables the head to be cooled by contact with the inflowing gases.

-to cool the head of the piston by contact but also by the expansion of said gas in 'said chamber. The amount of gas permitted to fiow into the cylinder is of course regulated by the controlling valve, actuated by any suitable or well known type of centrifugal or Inasmuchas the exhaust port is opened before the.

--other governor. The closure of. the controlling valve rotates to partly close' the same when the speed of the engine is above normal or' that for which the governor is set and opens or partly opens the same when the speed falls below normal. In this way the amount of the charge delivered into the cylinder is at all times regulated, economizing in fuel and insuring that the explosive mixture is delivered into the cylinder in just the right quantity toinsure the most efiective result.

I do not purpose limiting thisapplication for'patent otherwise than necessitated'by the prior art as many details of construction and operation may be varied without departing from the principle of my invention.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a device of the class described th combination with a crank case and cylinder secured thereto having an inlet port of a passage cored in the wall of the cylinder opening directly into the crank case at one end and opening through the side of the cylinder, an exhaust port opening from the cylinder above said passage, a piston in said cylinder having a chamber in the head thereof, passages leading downwardly therefrom through the wall of the piston and opening outwardly, one of said passages ada ted to register-with the end of the passage in the cylinder wall and a passage adapted to communicate with the other passage in the piston at the lowest limit of movement of the iston and also communicating with the et .port for the cylinder.

2. In a device of the class described the combination with a crank case and cylinder of a piston therein having a assage opening through one side thereof an extending upwardly through the side wall of the same beneath the piston head and extending downwardly through the wall of3the piston on the opposite side thereof, a'passagem the wall of t e cylinder adapted at one endto cominuni cate with one end of the passage in the piston and at its opposite end opening directly into the crank case and a pipe opening into the cylinder at one end to communicate with the other end of said passage in the piston and at its opposite end opemng into the cylinder above the piston'at its lowest limitof movement.

3. In a device of the class described the inder having one end opening into the-cylinder and adapted to communicate with one of said passages therein and at its opposite end opemng into the crank case and not controlled by the piston, a passage opening at one end through-the cylinder adapted to scribed my name in the presence of two communicate with the other passage in tlfie subscribing Witnesses.

piston and all'ordim communication with t e g cylinder above the piston at the limit of its JOHN DAVID ower stroke and a controlling valve iii said I ast named passage. i In testimony whereof I have hereunto subl Witnesses:

C. W. IIILLs, K. E. HANNAH. 

